from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
<p>class Animal(ABC):
@abstractmethod
def speak(self):
pass</p><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><code>@abstractmethod
def move(self):
    pass</code>

下面这行会报错：TypeError: Can't instantiate abstract class...

a = Animal()

class Dog(Animal): def speak(self): return "Woof!" def move(self): return "Run"

d = Dog() # ✅ 正常创建 print(d.speak()) # Woof!

class Shape(ABC):
    @abstractmethod
    def area(self):
        raise NotImplementedError("子类必须实现 area 方法")

class Vehicle(ABC):
    brand = "Unknown"  # 类属性
<pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><code>def __init__(self, name):
    self.name = name  # 实例属性

def start_engine(self):  # 普通实例方法
    print(f"{self.name} engine started.")

@staticmethod
def honk():
    return "Beep!"

@abstractmethod
def drive(self):
    pass</code>

class Car(Vehicle): def drive(self): return f"{self.name} is driving on road."

c = Car("Tesla") c.start_engine() # ✅ 继承自父类 print(c.honk()) # ✅ 静态方法也可调用 print(c.drive()) # ✅ 实现了抽象方法

from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
<p>class A(ABC):
@abstractmethod
def foo(self): ...</p><p>class B(A):
def foo(self): ...</p><p>print(A.<strong>abstractmethods</strong>)  # frozenset({'foo'})
print(B.<strong>abstractmethods</strong>)  # frozenset()
</p>